Lessons Using Digital Imagery in a Grade 3 Classroom
Language
Digital Imagery Story/Journal- In our classroom, the students are taught the elements of story writing and are required to write their own stories. With digital cameras the students can create their own pictures to accompany their stories. They can use real life objects/situations, or even plastercine creations.
Picture Walks-We often do a picture walk through a book before we read it as a class to predict what the story could be about. With digital imagery students could create their own picture stories (without words). They could make them into slide shows and have other students take a picture walk to predict the events of the story.
Visualization-This is another technique we do in the classroom to help students with comprehension. I will read the class a story, but cover up all the pictures including the book's cover. Students then are asked to draw a part of the story that they 'visualized'. Digital cameras would be a terrific way to motivate students to be creative and take pictures that express what they are visualizing at certain points in the story.
Sequencing-Students can create a series of pictures that show the events of a story in the correct order. This reinforces the idea of beginning, middle, end (as we say in grade 3).
Student Diaries-At the beginning of the year each student can have their picture taken and complete a diary entry of their introduction, feelings, friends, expectations, etc. of grade 3. As the year passes new pictures could be added with new entries. Students can take pictures of classroom events, trips, tasks they are working on, etc. At the end of the year each student would have a complete picture log and diary of their time in grade 3, showing their changes and growth. This could also be done as a whole class diary.
Antonyms/Homonyms-Students can create dual pictures that help show opposites (antonyms) such as taking an image of something big vs. something small. The could also take pictures of objects that are homonyms, such as taking a picture of a pair of shoes and a pear.
Parts of Speech-Pictures can be taken that depict the parts of speech studied in grade 3, for example a picture of children skipping would match with verbs.
Cursive Writing-Cursive writing is new for students in grade three. Pictures could be matched with the cursive letters of the alphabet to help students identify the letters.
Writing Prompts-I use pictures in my classroom as story prompts, but I use a preset folder of published teacher material. Using my own picture ideas, or even having the students take turns taking a picture to be used as a prompt for others would allow them to have more ownership of the task, and I would have more control when I want to 'prompt' a certain story idea.
Sentences-Reinforce the concept of a sentence. Sentences are still difficult for some grade 3's. They have trouble identifying one idea as one sentence. With digital imagery the teacher could take a variety of photos and have each student write one sentence that tells about the picture.
Poetry-Pictures be taken that accompany a familiar poem, or students can write their own poems and add pictures to express the topic or mood.
Book Covers/Posters-Students could create their own cover for a favourite book or a poster advertising a favourite book. This would allow other students an opportunity to be introduced to a wider variety of books and help them find material they may be interested in reading.
Building Vocabulary-Add pictures to words that are unfamiliar to help the students with meanings. These pictures and words can be displayed in the room while the class is exploring that specific topic.
Show and Tell-expand the idea of show and tell so that students do not have to simply bring an object to the classroom. With digital cameras students could take a picture of an event they attended, or took part in (perhaps a karate tournament) and bring the images in to share with the class. They can also take pictures of things that they would not otherwise be able to bring to school (eg. their dog, new swing set, or even their grandma).
“All About Me”-At the beginning of the year our classroom topic is “getting to know each other”. With digital imagery, students could have a picture of themselves in the centre of a graphic organizer surrounded by information (about themselves) that they would like to share. (The informational text could also include pictures of their favourite things, favourite hobbies, sports, family, etc.).
Following Directions/Reading for Understanding-Students can be given a list of written directions that they are to follow in order to collect pictures of detailed objects within the school. The directions must be followed in order and are specific. After the task, the class can examine the pictures along with the information the students were given to see if they were successful at understanding the instructions and following directions.
Pen Pal Connections- Our class have pen pals at another school in Hamilton. Digital imagery allows the students to see their pen pals and have a better understanding of who they are writing to. It brings them closer together and puts a face to the name, making it more exciting for grade 3 students.
Math
Geometry:
Shapes-In grade 3, students explore 2D shapes and 3D shapes. They are required to know the physical attributes of a variety of shapes. To enhance learning and help students with the understanding that these shapes are all around us, students could be encouraged to take pictures of 2D and 3D shapes they find around the school. Different groups could look for specific shapes, such as cylinders, and then each group could share their collection of pictures with the class and discuss why these objects are cylinders. Or, each student may be sent to collect one object for each shape. Then they could refer back to their pictures to reinforce all the shapes, or the classroom could have a 'wall of shapes' on display. Students would be really motivated to gather as many photos of shapes as possible so they could show theirs on the 'wall' (real ownership).
Angles-Grade 3's study right, acute, and obtuse angles. Another search could be made to find angles around the classroom and categorize each angle into 'right, acute, obtuse, or other'. The whole collection of photos taken by the class could be displayed on a bulletin board under their correct headings.
Lines-We learn about parallel lines and perpendicular lines so perhaps one half of the class could search and photograph parallel lines while the others photograph perpendicular lines and then discuss as a class their findings.
Time-Time is a difficult concept for grade 3's, not only because it is a new one, but because the students of today are so exposed to digital clocks the analog clock is challenging for them. With digital imagery, students could work in groups and be assigned different times of the day. Each group would be responsible for showing, on an analog clock, where the clock hands would be. Then the group would have to show what people are usually doing at that particular time of the day. (e.g. A photo of the group eating breakfast may have a clock in the picture showing 8:00). These pictures could then be displayed in chronological order in a slide show. The class could also see that 8:00 am and 8:00 pm show as the same time on the clock although they are two separate times of the day. Many discussions can take place around what the students' pictures and slide show.
Measurement-A very visual concept. Students can use digital cameras to take pictures of items that measure 1mm, 1cm, 1dm, and 1m. The items could be photographed beside a ruler to mark the length.
Then the photos can be used to help reinforce the idea of conversion. How may paperclips would you need to measure 1dm if the picture shows one paperclip is 1cm long? The more visual aids the better when learning linear measurement.
Place Value-We use base ten blocks and popsicle sticks a lot in grade 3 to show place value. Understanding the ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands columns if a big focus. With digital cameras students could be given a number such as 452, and be asked to photograph this number in a variety of ways using base ten blocks. “How many different ways can you picture 452?” The teacher could also work backwards from this idea and give a series of pictures showing base ten blocks of various amounts. Students would then be asked to examine the pictures, tell the amounts, and explain how they figured out their answer by what the picture shows.
Fractions-The class could use digital cameras to find different fractions used in real life around the classroom. The clock at quarter after 2:00, the mark of 9/10 on a worksheet, the writing assignments that are ½ written and ½ picture, etc. They could also be asked to create their own fractions using objects in the room and take pictures of them. Perhaps they would photograph 10 dice, with 3/10 being blue (for an example). Students could have a lot of fun because they are not just working off work pages, but they are creating their own fractions, photographing them, and then they need to share them with the class and explain their reasoning.
Science
Collecting Data-Digital Imagery would be a great asset for collecting data in science. Our class grow plants. We write-up our observations as the plants grow over time. Having pictures of our plants' progress would be a real asset in recording data. Photographs of the stages of growth could accompany our written observations and add to our reports.
Another topic is structures. We explore stability. What makes a structure strong? With cameras the students could take pictures of stable structures in the environment and write about the attributes that make it a strong structure (base, materials, height, etc). We also build our own structures in the classroom, but they are often take up a lot of room, so we usually only make one each. With photographs the students could make different structures and preserve them with photgraphs.
Processes/Methods-Students could take pictures of each other completing the steps in a task to show what process was taken. Having a visual guide would help other students understand what was done, as well as, be a reminder for the students who participate in the process. For example, students could picture a student putting dirt into a container, another student could be pictured digging a small hole in the dirt, etc., etc., all the steps involved in planting. This series of pictures would make a great display to show the process the students went through to grow a plant.
Uses in real life-In the grade three study of life we explore uses for plants. Students could take a digital camera and take pictures of all the ways they can find that people use plants. Pictures could include a desk (wood), a coffee, foods, perfumes, creams, etc. All the ideas that are brainstormed in class could now have a visual connection put to them.
Comparing-With our magnets unit students can take pictures of magnetic objects and non-magnetic objects. The class could then discuss reasons what makes the items different, what qualities do magnetic items possess? This could also be done with structures where students compare stable structures to instable structures.
Social Studies
Comparing (continued)-With urban and rural communities the teacher can take pictures that show different aspects of both and have the students compare the similarities and differences. Students could even guess and explain which community the picture was taken in. With our pioneer studies, pictures taken on our field trip of objects that were used by the pioneers could be compared to objects we use today. Students could take a picture of a pen/pencil for comparison to a feather and ink. Another great display for the wall of 'Pioneer Life vs. Modern Day'.
Field Trip to Pioneer Village-In grade 3 we take a class trip every year to a pioneer village. What a great opportunity to take some great pictures. One boy and one girl from the class are dressed up as pioneer children to show the class what they would have worn in the days of the pioneers. Many great period items are on display and explained. With a digital camera all these images can be captured and follow up activities can be done back in the classroom. The students love this experience and to preserve it (as I do every year) with digital photographs is wonderful.
Healthy Living
Projects-Students study “good” and “bad” drugs in grade 3. Students could create fantastic projects using pictures of both “drugs that are helpful (aspirin, prescriptions)” and “drugs that are harmful (alcohol, cigarettes)”. They could present their projects to the class with the addition of photos.
They could also create projects that include pictures of how to stay healthy, such as exercising, healthy foods, sleep, etc.
Posters-Students could use a digital camera to take pictures of other students promoting Healthy Living, or perhaps Bullying another student. They could then use these photos for posters.
Visual Arts
Foreground/Background-In art, the students begin to recognize the horizon line. Examining real life pictures that the students have taken themselves would be a great way for the class to understand the visual concept of background and foreground. They could explore, through their pictures, how objects close up in the foreground are larger than the background, and that there is a horizon line that helps show the depth a picture.
Warm and Cool Colours-Using digital cameras, students can create collages of warm or cool coloured objects.
Elements of Design-In grade 3 students learn about lines, textures, designs, shapes, and colours—very visual concepts. When studying these elements it would be a real motivator if the students did not only create these elements in their work, but discovered how they are all around us in everyday life. They could take the cameras and focus on textures, lines, etc. that they can find in the environment.